Pharmacodynamic Model for Warfarin under Thrombo-test Monitoring

Practical tips for warfarin dosing and monitoring.

Patients on warfarin and their physicians must constantly balance the risks of bleeding and clotting. We offer practical tips for safe and effective warfarin therapy, based on the practices of the Anticoagulation Clinic of The Cleveland Clinic.

Pharmacodynamic monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs.

Pharmacodynamic (PD) monitoring measures the biological response to a drug, which alone--or coupled with pharmacokinetics--provides a novel method for optimization of drug dosing. PD monitoring has been investigated by us and other investigators primarily for four immunosuppressive drugs: cyclosporine (CsA), azathioprine (AZA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and rapamycin (RAPA). PD monitoring of...

Inadequate monitoring of warfarin dosage.

I would like to bring to attention the results of two recent surveys1s2 indicating that there is a serious problem with the control of oral anticoagulant therapy in many centers of the United States. The problem exists because most of the more than 200 laboratories surveyed appeared to be unaware of the variability in responsiveness to the coumarins of commercial thromboplastin reagents used to...

A review of warfarin dosing and monitoring.

AMI indicates acute myocardial infarction; INR, international normalized ratio. The goal of anticoagulant therapy with warfarin is to administer the lowest effective dose of the drug to maintain the target international normalized ratio (INR). Warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, is an oral anticoagulant indicated for the prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension and the prev...

Successful thrombo-embolectomy in long-standing thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension.